029-043
Thursday April 3rd 1873
Place – the same Present – the same
Horowhenua – continued
Tamihana Te Rauparaha –
Xd by Mr. Cash
You are a chief of Ngati Toa? Yes.
And a Native Assessor? Yes.
Are you still an assessor? Yes.
Do you include the country round the lake in your father’s gift to Whatanui? Yes, all the Horowhenua because it was the only good place to obtain eels.
Did Ngati Raukawa take any steps to recover the land after the cattle and sheep were driven away? I do not remember about Muaupoko disturbing the sheep.
Did you go to England? Yes in 1857.
How long did you stay there? 16 months.
What payment for land at Raumatangi did you speak of if what Muaupoko got no share? Payment for a piece of land sold by Whatanui the elder.
Who holds that land now? Hughes, who holds the crown grant.
Is he (Hughes) living on the place now? No he is not. McDonald lives there.
You said the Muaupoko were your slaves, did they ever perform any service for you? Yes, I have one now on my station.
What did they do for you? They cultivated and did sundry and other work. Some have been returned since introduction of treaty.
Where is the cultivation they made for you? They cultivated for Te Whatanui about Pipinike-tohu places.
Since the time of Whatanui, have Muaupoko done any unusual …. For Raukawa or Ngatitoa? They would at the direction of Whatanui’s children.
Have those directions of Whatanui’s children ever been given or obeyed? Yes. I am not clear about any particular instance but I am constantly hearing about it up to the present time.
What is the name of your slave? Te Rei Rongomai, he is a son of Muaupoko chief.
How long has he been living with you? 30 years.
How did you get this slave? Rauparaha caught him at Horowhenua.
In what way? May have been after a fight.
Can you tell the time and manner of his taking? No.
Are there no others besides Te Rei who live on your land in the capacity of slaves? Yes, a Ngatiapa man named Te Hira Kahinga.
Do you ever pay these men any money? Yes. I give them money when I have it to buy clothes etc.
Mateni Te Whiwhi – recalled
I am much better.
I will commence at Otaewa.
In the days of the elder Whatanui, Muaupoko were confused to the north side of the land.
On the death of Whatanui the first, he was succeeded by Whatanui Te Tahuri. He put a slave called Wharariki on or at Otaewa – put there as a slave. Te Whatanui Tahuri died – the right of dealing with this land rested on W. Tutaki.
At a later period they (W. Tutaki invites Wharariki) agreed to live together with Mauna at Kohuturoa and that people lived together up to the times that Hunia burnt down the houses.
There is another piece of land at Hokio which Whatanui sold to Hector McDonald (at the mouth of Hokio River). The time that Hunia and Kemp commenced the trouble I was the person who restrained Raukawa.
At the time of the disturbance relative to planting of potatoes at Mahoenui, Ngati Raukawa desired to take action at once. I advised them to submit the matters to the law.
Afterwards at the burning of Watenes house, I informed Mr. McLean. Ngati Raukawa were very devious to the action. Last I restrained them in consequence of letters from Mr. McLean, from the burning of Watenes house.
Muaupoko did not cultivate on the south of Hokio except at Kohuturoa. I cannot speak of the inland. Kupe was built in 1871 prior to Kupe there was cultivation between Hokio and Tauangtururu belonging to Muaupoko – whatever was there were Whatanui’s – between Horowhenua and Waiwiri lakes Muaupoko have no cultivations. They have no rights of fisheries between that (the lakes) and the sea. We allowed Kupe to be built because we desired the matter to be subject to the inquiry of law. Had we attempted to turn them off there would have been fighting. The first interfered and that is why we decided for using force.
I have Mr. McLeans letters to that effect at Otaki. I remember the lease given by Raukawa to Nicholson. I cannot have the time. It extended from Waiwiri. I do not know the boundaries. Muaupoko did not interfere with the granting of that lease. Hector McDonalds sheep were driven from the south of Hokio by Wiki and not by Muaupoko. That was after the death of Te Whatanui. They were nearly driven back by Muaupoko. Muaupoko never cultivated on the land between Waiwiri and Horowhenua and the sea and the lakes. They did not understand cultivating potatoes. Their food was from ….
I had some slaves of Muaupoko in my own keep. The younger brother of Kemp’s father was caught by me and afterwards lived and died with me. There are some of mine now with Muaupoko. I had these – they are now alive with Muaupoko. There is a Muaupoko woman named Poha now living with Ngati Raukawa at Waiwiri.
I was not at present at the meeting which fixed the boundary between Raukawa to Muaupoko at Tawhitikuri and Waerenga. Raukawa have been in possession of this land and have never been disturbed and with the exception of Kupe and Kohuturoa, there are no Muaupoko living on it. These are the only two places where Muaupoko live. Kohuturoa – Tamati Maunu went there by invitation, not by any right – he has none there now. It was through the interference of the fort that we permitted the erection of Kupe. I do not know where Kawana Hunia’s mother is buried. I do not know that his mother burned lease. Whatanui is buried on this land - Whatanui Tutaki and another Whatanui. Our chiefs and chieftenesses are buried on this land at Raumatangi.
Xd by Mr. Cash
Name the chiefs and chieftenesses? Tauteka, a woman – the wife of Whatanui elder. Whatanui Te Haua is another at Raumatangi – Tuteki and Te Awhawhe also – Hinepororangi is another – a niece of Whatanui. Those are all the people of rank but there are others.
Is Raumatangi the principal burying place of Ngati Raukawa chiefs? No.
Is Whatanui first buried there? No. At Otaki and then taken to Tongariro – he died at Mohunoa.
Is Whatanui Tutaki a chief of yours? Yes of Ngati Raukawa and Waikato.
Was Whatanui a chief of Ngati Raukawa, Ngatitoa and Ngatiawa? Yes.
Why did Wiki drive McDonald’s sheep from the south of Hokio? Because Hector would not deal with her instead of Whatanui’s wife Riria.
This quarrel was between Ngati Raukawa themselves? Yes.
When was this? About the year that Whatanui Tutaki died – 1869.
How long after the driving of the sheep over Hokio did the quarrel commence with Muaupoko? Let Henare speak of that. I do not remember.
Xd by Mr. Buckley
Were the Raukawa in the habit of consulting with Muaupoko in the matter of this land? No.
Xd by court
Did Raukawa invite Tamati Maunu to live with them? Yes. He lived before at Toenea.
Henare Te Herekau – sworn
I am a chief of Ngati Raukawa and live at Moutoa.
I know the land before the court. I lived 8 years on this land.
I know all about the cultivations and the occupation.
In 1835, my sister was married to Whatanui Tutaki and that was the year I was brought from Otaki to Horowhenua.
The old Whatanui was gone to Taupo to get his relatives.
I lived one month at Raumatangi. We were ordered by Whatanui to go and renew certain boundaries. In consequence of the instruction he had received from Whatanui the elder to put in a pole at Tawhitikuri to Kamakorou thence to Tauateruru across Horowhenua to Waitu. This was his boundary dividing Muaupoko to the north. We then went to Rakauhamana on the same day. Rakauhamana is in a line with Otaukauhao then said line to Mahoenui thence to the mountain.
The southern side of this was for Tupaea to there – my nephews – the eastern portions for Whatanui alone. This was the second time these boundaries were replaced.
We commenced to cut down a bush at Te Rikia Tawa near Raumatangi (opposite) the place where the canoes landed. The cultivations of Te Whatanui in 1831 to 1835 were at Taumataomiratu thence to Otaewa at a Puaote Ngao where Tamiti is living.
Kohuturoa was not cultivated then. They were at Puaote Ngao. There is a cultivation of Whatanui at Tatearero - about 2 acres at that period. We went there and got food after Whatanui went to Taupo.
When we felled the bush we went to Tawhawhao so that it might be in a line with the pole at Rakauhamana. 20 people fell the bush, 2 of these were Waikato. They were the only strangers amongst us. When we felled this bush at Otauwhawha – Whatanui’s children Tiraha Te Witi were felling this bush. When this was ended we went to fell bush in another place – Tawatutua which we gave up to the Muaupoko. In felling a Mahoe tree we found a greenstone ornament belonging to Muaupoko. At that time I did not see Kupia Waikiekie and Roha ote kawau occupied not at Pukeiti either. 4 people were at Waipata – Muaupoko. They went to cultivate at Te Kaueu – the place marked red on the map - Te Namuiti and Karapaware occupied. Pita, a sick man was at Tatearero – only one. He was fed by the slaves of Whatanui. The elder Whatanui arrived in 1836, on his return from Taupo with 100 followers. He and his nephews settled at Titerangi reaching to Tatearero. Muaupoko and Ngati Raukawa together felled the bush and cultivated the land at Titerangi. Raukawa felled the bush and Muaupoko cooked the food for them. In 1837 houses were built at Kohuturoa by Whatanui and his nephews. Pakeke and Kaikouiri were the names of his nephews.
Court adjourned until 2 pm.
At 2 pm the court resumed.
Henare Te Herekau – continued
Food was cultivated at Kohuturoa in 1837. Kohuturoa and Tatearero were permanent places of abode of Whatanui and his heirs.
In 1835, two pas were built – one at Raumatangi and the other a little to the west of Te Hokio. The other side of where McDonald’s house is now. The same year another was built on the side of the hill above it on the Tauateruru side. The name of the house at Raumatangi was Te Waioteraraka.
Wharepuhanga was the name of a big house built on the other side of the stream. It was 50 feet long. Old Whatanui lived in that house and some of his children lived in the other pa on the opposite of the stream at Raumatangi. Whatanui Te Tahuri lived in a pa on the hill and the pa was named Tereti.
At theat time this land was bush – we cleared it. These clearings extended as far as Kupe. The year that land was cultivated Pomare arrived and he cultivated there. A clearing was also made at that time at Komakore. Te Whatanui and we were at the top of this hill and the children were at the base. In 1838 Whatanui made a pa on Waikiekie – 270? 340? Ngati Raukawa assisted to build this place. All these pas on the lake were deserted during the expedition of Rauparaha. Muaupoko ran away into the bush – nobody said anything to them after this. We lived there permanently.
In these latter years I have not seen Manihera, one of the witnesses. I have never seen him. All I heard of was that his elder brother was nearly killed by Raukawa. Manihera’s statement is false. 1841, Whatanui built a pa at the mouth of the Hokio for the convenience of teachers go and preach to the people. Mr. Hadfield was one.
In 1843 certain teachers were nominated by the bishop Me, Ihakara and another were nominated for Manawatu, Hamiora was for Horowhenua. I never heard of Manihera’s appointment as stated by him. Hohua was appointed for Porotawhao. Hoani Meihana for Puketotara. Hakeraia for Otaki. Riwai to Waikanae. I never heard of Manihera being appointed a teacher.
I’ll now speak of Whatanui’s right to this land. It extends over all this land from the sea to Tararua – over the land and the people. Visitors from other parts of the country and war parties also came to him at Horowhenua. Whatanui directed Muaupoko to buy food for these visitors etc. When they (war parties) arrived, Muaupoko sought the protection of Whatanui. My eyes have seen the Muaupoko gathering the eels in the streams for Whatanui. After gathering the eels the Muaupoko were only entitled to the head and the bones. I have constantly seen this in the period I have lived there. I never saw Kawana Hunia at Horowhenua. He lives at Rangitikei. I saw the death of Kawana Hunia’s mother at Rangitikei. Her head was cut off – the body was buried at Rangitikei and the head at Horowhenua.
In these latter years, the Muaupoko were living in subjection. The reason why Muaupoko have of late built houses and gone across to the lake was because of the action of Kawana Hunia and Kemp as stated in the evidence taken at the previous court.
The land where my hand is placed (Waiwiri) food has not been cultivated there. There were cultivations and houses burned by Ngati Raukawa on seaard side of Waiwiri lake. Ngati Raukawa had cultivations on both sides of the Waiwiri stream. Raukawa cultivated Ataiwhawha. Muaupoko did not. Raukawa cleared and cultivated at Mahoenui. Muaupoko came and pulled up the potatoes about 3 years ago. Afterwards they (Ngati Raukawa built a house at Mahoenui – just outside. Had Muaupoko returned to these potatoes they would have been shot.
Matene withheld Ngati Raukawa a portion of the land used as a run – has not been cultivated by other parties. The cultivations are around the lake.
I have not seen cultivations of Muaupoko on the north side of Hokio stream. The only cultivation is Whatanui’s at Komakorau. I do not know of the roads leading to the mountains. I have not seen these. The only road I know of is to Manawatu – on the south of Hokio extending to Tararua – excepting at Kohuturoa. There are no cultivations of Muaupoko. Kohuturoa is a Raukawa cultivation. I do not know how Tamati Maunu got there. I have not seen him there in the years I speak about.
I know about the building of Kupe. It was built to take the land from Whatanui. Raukawa did not drive them off because the fort interfered. Raaukawa have remained in undisturbed possession of this land since the Whatanui took it until Kupe was erected.
We did not hear about the sheep beingdriven off by Kemp and Hunia. I was present at the meeting to fix the boundaries from Tauateruru to Tawhitikuri. This was Whatanui’s boundary. I was present at the meeting of Kupe respecting this boundary. It was between Ngati Raukawa and Muaupoko. Tahui and Muaupoko were present. The boundary was fixed at Tauateruru. Muaupoko agreed to that boundary. There was no difficulty about that boundary until the time of Kupe. Kemp and Hunia were more the movers that Muaupoko.
I have not seen Muaupoko getting eels on the south side of Hokio. Cattle referred by the other side as having been killed were wild cattle. I suppose from Ohau. We the people of Porotawhao joined in that killing. The Mohunoa people followed and killed cattle.
I make this statement to debut the evidence of the other side. These are cattle and pigs and sheep of Raukawa running on this land now – houses too. Muaupoko have never attempted to drive them off.
Xd by Cash
How many cattle have Raukawa on this land now? I cannot count them. There are no means of ascertaining the number.
Are there many? Yes – cows – often heifers which have been running there since Raukawa have owned cattle.
Where did you last take cattle off this land? I do not know.
Are these cattle – wild cattle? The wild cattle are in the bush. Those on the other are not wild.
Which is the run – where the tame cattle are? From the beach to Mahoenui is the runs. Above Mahoenui to Arapaipai are thought to be wild.
Are the cattle on the run branded? Some are.
Whose brand? Several brands.
Name one? Watene and Nehauira and Puke. I suppose these are branded.
The sheep seen yesterday, were they branded and whose? There was the sheep of the European and Raukawa. I do not know whose they are.
Were you present when Raukawa and Muaupoko agreed to accept a common boundary? Yes.
Who else were there? Himiona, a Muaupoko was there – he’s dead. I cannot mention one Muaupoko chief who was present and is now alive.
Do you remember the pole at Tauateruru? Yes.
How long did it stand? It stood for a long time. It may have been pulled up when the trouble at Kupe.
Do you know where it was pulled up? Yes in 1844.
When did you last see it? I saw it when it was put up. I saw it at the time of Kupe – the same pole.
Have the Ngati Raukawa occupied this land since Whatanui until Kupe was erected? Yes. About 50 of them. They lived at Panuiomarama. This was the only place. I was one of Whatanui’s hapu and was one of those who lived there.
How many years did you live there? 8.
Did you ever see Tamati Maunu? Yes. I did not see him at Kohuturoa.
Tamati Maunu lived at Toi? Yes.
Were you ever at Kohuturoa? I have been there and worked there.
What year did you go there to build houses? I have already told you. In 1837.
Are there no Muaupoko cultivations north of Hokio? No there are none.
Is Kupe a Ngati Raukawa possession? I won’t say anything about that. That was put up.
Do you know Taingaehe? Yes. It is a bush. There is a cultivation on Muaupoko side. The map is wrong.
What has become of the houses and cultivations of Waiwiri? The houses are standing now. Those at the mouth are. Those at Mahoenui are. There are some of the places where we keep our eel baskets in still standing. They are on this side.
Can you point out on the map where one of them is standing? Yes, here – pointing.
Did Manihera live at Raumatangi when you did? No. I do not know where he lived. I did not see him there at all. I saw him about Otaki.
How long did Whatanui occupy Kupa at Waikiekie? During the period that he lived, he resided at Kohuturoa where he had lived some time and died at Mohunoa in 1845.
Ihakara Tukumaru – sworn
I am a chief of Ngati Raukawa and know the land before the courts. This is Whatanui’s land. This plan shows the land sold by Whatanui to Wakefield. Whatanui lived at Panuiomarama.
Ngati Raukawa weren’t there to hear his word. I do not know whether Muaupoko ever had or now have any cultivation there now. I was not present at the meeting of Muaupoko and Ngati Raukawa to fix the boundary. I do not know anything about the inland roads. I know the road to Manawatu.
Whatanui Tutaki commenced to dispute with Hukeke about Raumatangi to take it for himself. His claim to that land was that Hukeke’s sister was Whatanui’s wife and she was buried there.
Ngati Raukawa assembled in large number on hearing of this dispute. Ngatiapa was represented there by Kawana Hunia. Nepia and Kurupo said let Kawana Hunia be our judge in this matter. Hunia did not object nor did he say anything about its being his land. This was in 1845. It was only at a later period Kawana Hunia assented any right to this land – about 1870 – the time of Kupe. This was when he commenced to take proceedings relative to Horowhenua. Kupe was built as a Wharewhakawa for Raukawa.
Hunia sent messages to Ngatikahungungu to come and sit in judgment.
The house was not finished when they went over and burnt Watene’s in the fire. Ngati Raukawa were untitled by the government from taking action of themselves or taking the land into their own hands -In consequence of the word of the government to Watene to go to Waiwiri to live. Watene did so but went constantly back and forward to Raumatangi. I then invited him to accompany me to Waikato to be out of the way. Now the court has arrived and it is being investigated. I do not know about any Muaupoko fishing rights.
I never heard that Muaupoko were consulted by Whatanui in the sale of this land.
Court adjourned until 10 am tomorrow.
